Understanding of basic laws of working of the grinding wheel during the cutting process will help you with the selection and exploitation. The grinding wheel is primarily an abrasive cutting tool, only in the grinding wheel, the abrasive performs the same function as the teeth in the saw.

If you have a grinding wheel 1A1 written 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3, I think after reading you will be able to easily decode

Form grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3
For cylindrical grinding circle needs to have a profile of A1A or 1V1. In Soviet circles was the designation PP

the Geometry of the grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3

250 is the diameter of the grinding wheel
40 is the thickness of the grinding wheel
34-diameter of hole in grinding wheel

and the Abrasive grain of the grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3

grinding wheels consist of two main components is grinding grain, which actually cut the ligament that binds and holds them during the cutting process. The ratio of grain to free space chords in a circle describes the structure of the grinding wheel.

Perfect abrasive needs to stay sharp with a minimal number of sharp edges, when dulled abrasive grinding wheel needs skalivatka, updating fresh cutting edges.
aluminum Oxide is the abrasive used for grinding carbon steel and alloys, high speed steel, annealed malleable cast iron products, wrought iron, bronze. Is white 22A, 23A,24A, 25A (the higher the number, the higher the quality) and normal — 12A,13A, 14A, 15A, 16A; chromium — 32, 33, 34A; by titaniferous — 37. Foreign manufacturers of grinding wheels marking the

And brown aluminum oxide WA white aluminum oxide
WAB white aluminium oxide + blue twist
WA white aluminium oxide + special bond
WAR white aluminium oxide + red a bunch
WAY white aluminium oxide + yellow ligament
PA pink aluminium oxide
RA ruby aluminium oxide
DA white and brown aluminium oxide
SA polulace aluminium oxide
HA monocrystalline aluminium oxide
With black silicon carbide

Zirconium aluminium oxide is the abrasive used for grinding for rough grinding, denoted 38A or Z.
silicon Carbide — this abrasive is used for grinding grey cast iron and chilled iron, soft bronze, brass and aluminum and non-metallic materials, denoted 64C-62С or GC.

Ceramic aluminum oxide is the abrasive used for grinding hard steels and alloys is indicated with AS1-5, the higher the number the greater the content of aluminum oxide, for example 1 is 10%.

the grain Size is the number of linearly positioned holes on a one inch sieve, used for the final sieving of grain. The larger the grain size, the coarser the grain. The smaller the grain size, the larger the circle is suitable for fine grinding.

the grain Size of the grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3

the Large 8 to 24 (F 180-80)
Average of 30 to 60 (F 56-24)
Small of 80 to 180 (F 24-12)
Very small 220 to 600 (F 10-4)

the Hardness of the grinding wheels

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3

bond Hardness is measured in degree of hardness of the grinding wheel. For example, the ligament has a strong degree if the bonding ligament of the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel is very strong, and it holds the grain from tearing under the action of cutting forces in grinding. Conversely, bale has a mild degree if enough applications are small power for pulling beans out of the circle.
Solid circles are used for works for handling with a small contact area. Soft grinding wheels are used for quick and rough material removal and for the treatment of solid materials.

Name	Designation according to GOST 19202-80	Designation according to GOST R 52587-2006
Very soft	ВМ1, BM2	F, G
Soft	M1, M2, M3	H, I, J
Srednenevski	CM1, CM 2	K, L
Average	C1, C2	M, N
medium-hard	ST1, ST2, ST3	O P Q
Solid	T1, T2	R, S
Very hard	W	T, U
Extremely hard	THU	V, W, X, Y, Z

the

the Structure of the grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3

Under the structure of the instrument generally refers to a percentage ratio of the abrasive material per unit volume of the tool. The more abrasive grains per unit volume of the circle, the denser the structure of the tool. The structure of the abrasive tool affects the amount of space between the grains.

the

 

Structure	Marking
Tight	1, 2, 3, 4
Average	5, 6, 7
Public	8, 9, 10
highly porous	11, 12

 

Withbinding of the grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 V 35 B 3

Bundle in the grinding wheel is designed to hold the abrasive grains together and to facilitate the process of self-sharpening grains.
select the type of ligaments of the grinding wheel affects the speed of processing, its appearance and accuracy.

ceramics is made of inorganic substances — clay, quartz, feldspar and other by grinding and mixing in certain proportions. Marking of grinding wheels with ceramic bundle contains a letter (V). Old designation — (In)

Ceramic ligament attaches abrasive tool rigidity, heat resistance, shape stability, but also more brittle, resulting in circles with a bunch of ceramic should not be used under shock load, for example when rough grinding.

Bakelite bond mainly consists of synthetic resins of the bakelite. Marking circles with bakelite is the designation of the Roman letter (B). Old designation — (B). In comparison with ceramic, circles with bakelite ligament, have greater elasticity and resilience, less heat treated metal, however, they have lower chemical and temperature resistance.

Bakelite bond may be with reinforcing elements (BF, the old designation — BU) with graphite filler (B4, the old designation — B4).

Vulcanicola bundle is subjected to the vulcanization of synthetic rubber. The abrasive wheel marking is a letter (R). Old designation — (In)

accuracy Class grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 35 V B 3

dimensional Accuracy and the geometric shape of abrasive tools is due to three classes of AA, A and B. For less important operations, abrasive machining is used a tool class B. More accurate and high-quality is a tool of the class And. For work in automatic lines, high-precision and mnogobrojnih the machines are high-precision tool is AA. It is characterized by a high accuracy of geometrical parameters, uniformity of grain structure, balance of abrasive mass made from the finest grades of sanding materials.

Grit grinding wheel

the Grit of the grinding wheel influences the quality poverhnostei grinding surface, for example, the smaller granule of the circle, the higher the grade of surface roughness.
the Grit of the grinding wheel is selected depending on the type of grinding operation: roughing, semifinishing or finishing and the necessary requirements for cleanliness and precision. The operation of rough grinding and use the circles made of more coarse grains than in fine. High purity requirements of the surface and processing accuracy in most cases is provided through the use of circles with smaller grain. Hardened parts and hard alloy grind finer circles than unseasoned. For grinding parts made of materials prone to more brining ( brass, copper and many others.), use circles with a larger grain. For large contact surfaces of the grinding wheel with the workpiece ( for example grinding the bottom end of the range) used circles with larger grain.

the Grit of the grinding wheel characterizes the grain size of a circle in cross-section. The size of the grains depends on the surface finish and machining accuracy; determined grain size by sieving the abrasive grains through a series of sieves with various hole number.

Grit grinding wheels is selected depending on the type of work performed and requirements for the roughness of the treated surface.

the Grit of the grinding wheel influences the quality of the ground surface; the smaller grain of the circle, the more clean the surface turns. Grit grinding wheels is characterized by the size of its abrasive grains is indicated by a number.

Class unbalance of the grinding wheel

Grinding wheel 1A1 250x40x34 24A F30 L 5 35 V B 3
Class unbalance of the grinding wheel characterizes the unbalance of the mass of the circle, which depends on the accuracy of the geometric shape, the uniformity of mixing abrasive mass, the quality of the pressing and heat treatment of tool in the process of its manufacture. There are four class of permissible unbalance mass (1, 2, 3, 4). Classes of instability are not related to the accuracy of the balancing circles in Assembly with the flanges before installing them on grinding machine.